ฟันผุคืออะไร

ฟันผุเกิดจากกรดที่กัดกร่อนผิวฟันด้านนอก ซึ่งเป็นพื้นที่แข็งแรงของฟัน ซึ่งอยู่ด้านนอกนี้ เรียกว่า ผิวเคลือบฟัน (Enamel) ซึ่งกรดเหล่านี้ถูกสร้างขึ้นจาก คราบแบคทีเรีย หรือ พลัค (Plaque) ซึ่งเป็นแผ่นคราบเหลืองๆที่เกาะตามผิวฟัน

เชื้อโรคในคราบแบคทีเรีย ย่อยสลายอาหารประเภทน้ำตาล จึงมีกรดเกิดขึ้น ทำลายผิวเคลือบฟัน เรียกว่า ฟันผุ หากไม่ได้รับการรักษาฟันผุจะลุกลามจนเป็นโพรง

หากสงสัยว่ามีฟันผุ ควรรีบพบทันตแพทย์ ทันตแพทย์จะให้การรักษาโดยการ อุดฟัน ซึ่งจะช่วยหยุดยั้งการผุก่อนจะลุกลามจนกลายเป็นโพรงขนาดใหญ่

โดยปกติ ผิวของฟันจะถูกกรดแบคทีเรีย ทำให้อ่อนแอลงตลอดเวลา แต่อาจไม่ได้ลุกลามจนกลายเป็นฟันผุเสมอไป

เนื่องจากยังมีปัจจัยต่างๆ ที่ช่วยหยุดกระบวนการเกิดฟันผุและเพิ่มความแข็งแรงให้แก่ผิวฟัน ดังเช่น

น้ำลาย (Saliva) ซึ่งมีแร่ธาตุ ที่มีส่วนช่วยเพิ่มความแข็งแรงของผิวฟัน

ฟลูโอไรด์ (Fluoride) เป็นสารที่เติมในยาสีฟัน อีกทั้งในบางประเทศ มีเติมลงในน้ำประปาก็จะช่วยเพิ่มความแข็งแรงให้กับผิวฟันได้

 

ผิวเคลือบฟัน (Enamel) ชั้นแข็งด้านนอกของตัวฟัน

รอยผุ (Cavities) รูในผิวเคลือบฟันเกิดขึ้นได้ที่ด้านบด เคี้ยวและซอกฟัน

คราบแบคทีเรีย (Plaque) คราบเหนียวที่เกาะบนผิวฟัน สามารถสร้างกรดทำให้เกิดฟันผุได้

 

ข้อแนะนำเพื่อช่วยป้องกันฟันผุ

– หลีกเลี่ยงอาหารที่มีน้ำตาล ลดขนมขบเคี้ยวระหว่างมื้ออาหาร

จะช่วยลดการสร้างกรดจากคราบแบคทีเรีย ผิวฟันจึงไม่ต้องเผชิญกับการถูกทำลายจากกรดบ่อยครั้ง

– ทานน้ำมากๆ โดยเฉพาะเมื่อคุณทานยาบางชนิด

ยาบางชนิด ทำใหการสร้างน้ำลายลดน้อยลง

เพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดฟันผุ

– ใช้ยาสีฟัน หรือน้ำยาบ้วนปากที่ผสมฟลูโอไรด์

ฟลูโอไรด์ช่วยให้ผิวฟันแข็งแรงขึ้น

– พบทันตแพทย์อย่างน้อยปีละ 2 ครั้ง

ทันตแพทย์จะช่วยทำความสะอาดฟันและตรวจหาฟันผุ

 

ทันตแพทย์ตรวจหาฟันผุ

4 ขั้นตอนของการเกิดฟันผุ

ขั้นที่ 1 จุดสีขาวขุ่นหรือสีน้ำตาลบนผิวฟันอาจเป็นฟันผุระยะเริ่มต้น การแปรงฟันด้วยยาสีฟันผสมฟลูโอไรด์และการใช้ไหมขัดฟันจะช่วยป้องกันไม่ให้ลุกลามจนกลายเป็นโพรงฟันผุ

ขั้นที่ 2 ขั้นนี้รอยผุจะลุกลาม เกิดเป็นโพรงฟันผุ ที่ผิวเคลือบฟัน ซึ่งเป็นชั้นที่แข็งแรงด้านนอกสุด

ขั้นที่ 3 ขั้นนี้โพรงจะลุกลามถึงเนื้อฟันซึ่งเป็นชั้นที่อ่อนกว่าผิวเคลือบฟัน ทำให้ผุลุกลามได้อย่างรวดเร็ว

ขั้นที่ 4 หากไม่ได้รับการรักษา ก็จะลุกลามไปถึงโพรงประสารทฟัน กลายเป็นปัญหาที่รุนแรงขึ้น จึงควรพบทันตแพทย์เพื่อตรวจฟันอย่างสม่ำเสมอ

หากคุณมีฟันผุ ทันตแพทย์อาจแนะนำให้คุณอุดฟันใช้ฟลูโอไรด์ หรือวิธีการรักษาแบบอื่นๆ

 

 

 

ข้อเท็จจริงเกี่ยวกับฟันผุ

– ฟันผุเกิดจากการที่กรดกันกร่อนผิวเคลือบฟัน

– ฟันผุทำให้เกิดเป็นรูที่ฟัน เรียกว่าโพรงฟันผุ

– ฟันผุสามารถป้องกันได้โดยการแปรงฟัน ใช้ไหมขัดฟัน

– ยาสีฟันหรือน้ำยาบ้วนปาก ที่มีฟลูโอไรด์ จะช่วยให้ฟันแข็งแรงและป้องกันฟันผุได้

 

สนใจข้อแนะนำเพิ่มเติมในการป้องกันฟันผุ ปรึกษาทันตแพทย์หรือเยี่ยมชมเว็บไซต์ o


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