รู้จักกับไข้หวัดใหญ่ H3N2 หรือไข้หวัดใหญ่ไอโอวา

รู้จักกับไข้หวัดใหญ่ H3N2 หรือไข้หวัดใหญ่ไอโอวา

ไข้หวัดใหญ่ H3N2 หรือไข้หวัดใหญ่ไอโอวา นั้นเป็นเชื้อไข้หวัดใหญ่ที่มียีนมาจากไข้หวัดใหญ่ 2009 ในสหรัฐอเมริกาพบผู้ป่วยแล้วจำนวนสามรายเมื่อช่วงปลายปี 2554 อาการของทุกรายนั้นจะไม่รุนแรง และทุกรายก็สามารถหายได้อย่างเด็ดขาด โดยอาการทั่วไปจะมีลักษณะเหมือนกับไข้หวัดใหญ่ตามฤดูกาล ได้แก่ การมีไข้ขึ้นแบบทันทีทันใด ปวดหัว ปวดเมื่อเนื้อตัว อ่อนเพลียมาก เจ็บคอ ไอ น้ำมูกไหล และอาการจะหายไปเองในหนึ่งอิทตย์ แต่อาจทำอันตรายกับกลุ่มเสี่ยงเหล่านี้ได้ ได้แก่ผู้ป่วยที่เป็นผู้สูงอายุ อายุ 65 ปีขึ้นไป, เด็กอายุน้อยกว่าสองขวบ, ผู้ที่เจ็บป่วยเรื้อรัง เช่น เบาหวาน โรคไต โรคหัวใโรคปอด หรือภูมิคุ้มกันบกพร่อง ฯลฯ, เด็กที่ได้รับยาแอสไพรินเป็นเวลานาน, หญิงตั้งครรภ์ระยะที่ 2 หรือ 3 ในฤดูกาลที่มีไข้หวัดใหญ่สูง, ผู้ที่ป่วยเป็นโรคอ้วน รวมไปถึงผู้พิการทางสมองที่ช่วยเหลือตัวเองไม่ได้

การติดต่อนั้นก็เหมือนกับโรคไข้หวัดใหญ่ทั่วไป คือติดต่อทางลมหายใจ การไอ การจาม การสัมผัสสิ่งของที่มีเชื้อปนเปื้อนอยู่ ระยะฟักตัวจะอยู่ในช่วงประมาณ 1-3 วัน ระยะแพร่เชื้อจะอยู่ในช่วงตั้งแต่ 1 วันก่อนมีอาการ และแพร่ต่อไปอีกราว 3-4 วันหลังจากมีอาการในผู้ใหญ่ สำหรับในเด็กอาจมีระยะแพร่เชื้อนานถึง 7 วัน การแพร่ระบาดจากคนสู่คนยังพบได้ในวงแคบและจำกัดเฉพาะผู้ใกล้ชิดกันเท่านั้น แต่ไม่แพร่กระจายในวงกว้าง โรคนี้มีอาการไม่รุนแรง แต่หากเป็นผู้ป่วยภูมิต้านทานต่ำก็อาจมีภาวะแทรกซ้อนรุนแรงได้

ในด้านของการรักษาก็รักษาเหมือนโรคไข้หวัดใหญ่ทั่วไป โดยให้ยาต้านไวรัสโอเซลทามิเวียร์ และซานามิเวียร์ภายใน 24 ชั่วโมง ในเฉพาะผู้ป่วยที่เป็นผู้ป่วยสงสัยหรือผู้ป่วยยืนยัน ก็คือ ผู้ป่วยที่มีอาการรุนแรง, ผู้ป่วยกลุ่มเสี่ยงต่อโรครุนแรง, ผู้ป่วยที่อาการทรุดลงหรือไม่ดีขึ้นหลัง 48 ชั่วโมงแรงหลังจากมีอาการ และผู้ป่วยอื่น ๆ ตามดุลพินิจของแพทย์ผู้รักษา

 


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4 responses to “รู้จักกับไข้หวัดใหญ่ H3N2 หรือไข้หวัดใหญ่ไอโอวา”

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